diff --git a/app/scodoc/sco_portal_apogee.py b/app/scodoc/sco_portal_apogee.py
index 95ad30d99..ae58aa737 100644
--- a/app/scodoc/sco_portal_apogee.py
+++ b/app/scodoc/sco_portal_apogee.py
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ import xml
 import xml.sax.saxutils
 import xml.dom.minidom
 
+from flask import flash
+
 import app.scodoc.sco_utils as scu
 from app import log
 from app.scodoc import sco_cache
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ class PortalInterface(object):
             portal_url += "/"
         if self.first_time:
             if portal_url:
-                log("Portal URL=%s" % portal_url)
+                log(f"Portal URL={portal_url}")
             else:
                 log("Portal not configured")
             self.first_time = False
@@ -338,25 +340,27 @@ def get_etud_apogee(code_nip):
     if not d:
         return None
     if len(d) > 1:
-        raise ValueError("invalid XML response from Etudiant Web Service\n%s" % doc)
+        log(f"get_etud_apogee({code_nip}): {len(d)} etudiants !\n{doc}")
+        flash("Attention: plusieurs étudiants inscrits avec le NIP {code_nip}")
+        # dans ce cas, renvoie le premier étudiant
     return d[0]
 
 
 def get_default_etapes():
     """Liste par défaut, lue du fichier de config"""
     filename = scu.SCO_TOOLS_DIR + "/default-etapes.txt"
-    log("get_default_etapes: reading %s" % filename)
-    f = open(filename)
+    log(f"get_default_etapes: reading {filename}")
     etapes = {}
-    for line in f.readlines():
-        line = line.strip()
-        if line and line[0] != "#":
-            dept, code, intitule = [x.strip() for x in line.split(":")]
-            if dept and code:
-                if dept in etapes:
-                    etapes[dept][code] = intitule
-                else:
-                    etapes[dept] = {code: intitule}
+    with open(filename, encoding=scu.SCO_ENCODING) as f:
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if line and line[0] != "#":
+                dept, code, intitule = [x.strip() for x in line.split(":")]
+                if dept and code:
+                    if dept in etapes:
+                        etapes[dept][code] = intitule
+                    else:
+                        etapes[dept] = {code: intitule}
     return etapes
 
 
@@ -369,7 +373,7 @@ def _parse_etapes_from_xml(doc):
     dom = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(doc)
     infos = {}
     if dom.childNodes[0].nodeName != "etapes":
-        raise ValueError
+        raise ValueError("élément 'etapes' attendu")
     if xml_etapes_by_dept:
         # Ancien format XML avec des sections par departement:
         for d in dom.childNodes[0].childNodes:
@@ -394,8 +398,7 @@ def get_etapes_apogee():
     if etapes_url:
         portal_timeout = sco_preferences.get_preference("portal_timeout")
         log(
-            "get_etapes_apogee: requesting '%s' with timeout=%s"
-            % (etapes_url, portal_timeout)
+            f"""get_etapes_apogee: requesting '{etapes_url}' with timeout={portal_timeout}"""
         )
         doc = scu.query_portal(etapes_url, timeout=portal_timeout)
         try:
@@ -403,15 +406,17 @@ def get_etapes_apogee():
             # cache le resultat (utile si le portail repond de façon intermitente)
             if infos:
                 log("get_etapes_apogee: caching result")
-                with open(SCO_CACHE_ETAPE_FILENAME, "w") as f:
+                with open(
+                    SCO_CACHE_ETAPE_FILENAME, "w", encoding=scu.SCO_ENCODING
+                ) as f:
                     f.write(doc)
         except:
-            log("invalid XML response from getEtapes Web Service\n%s" % etapes_url)
-            # Avons nous la copie d'une réponse récente ?
+            log(f"invalid XML response from getEtapes Web Service\n{etapes_url}")
+            # Avons-nous la copie d'une réponse récente ?
             try:
-                doc = open(SCO_CACHE_ETAPE_FILENAME).read()
+                doc = open(SCO_CACHE_ETAPE_FILENAME, encoding=scu.SCO_ENCODING).read()
                 infos = _parse_etapes_from_xml(doc)
-                log("using last saved version from " + SCO_CACHE_ETAPE_FILENAME)
+                log(f"using last saved version from {SCO_CACHE_ETAPE_FILENAME}")
             except:
                 infos = {}
     else: